Hyponatremia in elderly subjects is mainly caused by drugs (more frequently thiazides and antidepressants), the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIAD) or endocrinopathies; however, hyponatremia is multifactorial in a significant proportion of patients.

What causes sodium levels to drop in the elderly?

What Causes Low Sodium in Elderly People? Medications such as diuretics, some types of antidepressants, and anti-seizure medications. Decreased liver, heart, or kidney function. Illnesses that can cause dehydration such as pneumonia.

What happens when your body is low on sodium?

Low blood sodium is common in older adults, especially those who are hospitalized or living in long-term care facilities. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia can include altered personality, lethargy and confusion. Severe hyponatremia can cause seizures, coma and even death.

Can a person recover from low sodium levels?

Hyponatremia can result from multiple diseases that often are affecting the lungs, liver or brain, heart problems like congestive heart failure, or medications. Most people recover fully with their doctor’s help.

How do you raise your sodium level?

Options include:

1. Intravenous fluids. Your doctor may recommend IV sodium solution to slowly raise the sodium levels in your blood.
2. Medications. You may take medications to manage the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia, such as headaches, nausea and seizures.

What is the main cause of low sodium?

A low sodium level has many causes, including consumption of too many fluids, kidney failure, heart failure, cirrhosis, and use of diuretics.

How long does it take to recover from low sodium?

Generally, low sodium is asymptomatic (does not produce symptoms), when it is mild or related to your diet. It can take weeks or months for you to experience the effects of low salt in your diet—and these effects can be corrected by just one day of normal salt intake.

Which organ is most affected by hyponatremia?

Hyponatremia occurs when your blood sodium level goes below 135 mEq/L. When the sodium level in your blood is too low, extra water goes into your cells and makes them swell. This swelling can be dangerous especially in the brain, since the brain cannot expand past the skull.

How do you fix low sodium?

Treatment for low blood sodium

1. cutting back on fluid intake.
2. adjusting the dosage of diuretics.
3. taking medications for symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and seizures.
4. treating underlying conditions.
5. infusing an intravenous (IV) sodium solution.

What is a dangerously low sodium level?

Severe hyponatremia occurs when levels drop below 125 mEq/L. Health issues arising from extremely low sodium levels may be fatal. Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder that doctors encounter. Research suggests that approximately 1.7 percent of people in the United States have the condition.

What is the fastest way to correct sodium?

In patients with severe symptomatic hyponatremia, the rate of sodium correction should be 6 to 12 mEq per L in the first 24 hours and 18 mEq per L or less in 48 hours. A bolus of 100 to 150 mL of hypertonic 3% saline can be given to correct severe hyponatremia.

What are the warning signs of hyponatremia?

Hyponatremia signs and symptoms may include:

• Nausea and vomiting.
• Headache.
• Confusion.
• Loss of energy, drowsiness and fatigue.
• Restlessness and irritability.
• Muscle weakness, spasms or cramps.
• Seizures.
• Coma.

Will eating more salt help hyponatremia?

In elderly patients with a diet poor in protein and sodium, hyponatremia may be worsened by their low solute intake. The kidney’s need to excrete solutes aids in water excretion. An increase in dietary protein and salt can help improve water excretion.

What is the best source of sodium?

Top Sources of Sodium¹

• Sandwiches.
• Cold cuts and cured meats.
• Soups.
• Burritos and tacos.
• Savory snacks*
• Chicken.
• Cheese.
• Eggs and Omelets.

What should I eat if my sodium is low?

Protein Foods

• Fresh or frozen fish or shellfish.
• Chicken or turkey breast without skin or marinade.
• Lean cuts of beef or pork.
• Unsalted nuts and seeds.
• Dried beans and peas – like kidney beans, pinto beans, black beans, lima beans, black-eyed peas, garbanzo beans (chickpeas), split peas, and lentils.

What can I eat to increase my sodium levels?

Low-Sodium Alternatives

• Fresh and frozen vegetables without sauces.
• Low-sodium canned vegetables, sauces and juices.
• Fresh potatoes, frozen French fries and instant mashed potatoes.
• Low-salt tomato or V-8 juice.
• Most fresh, frozen and canned fruit.
• Dried fruits.